I believe that this conversation is starting to head towards the real truth. And the truth, as I see it and have experienced it in the past is: There is no amount of restitution that you can do to balance or FIX any level of unfairness because of racism, prejudice, or other forms of discrimination. Attempting to try, only perpetuates said injustice. It really is that simple. The only way to correct injustices is for the future. To have a zero tolerance for discrimination, racism, and other injustices. But you don't try to "Balance" something. It is not the 27 year old O-3's fault what sort of discrimination may have occurred in the past. And if you maintain a zero tolerance for future injustices, then the 27 year old minority O-3 is not affected by the injustices of the past.
ANY type of special "attention" given to a particular person or group of people, means a lower level of attention given to someone else. Now, in team environments, including the military, it is sometimes necessary to provide additional or special attention to an individual or group of individuals. But this is generally for the good of the team. E.g. additional training. Maybe some people need extra help in learning or doing certain tasks. But this is special attention in an area that all applicable individuals have the same opportunities. Race, ethnicity, color, sex, etc... these are all attributes that aren't evenly shared among individuals. Therefor, any additional or special attention given to a person because of these attributes is counterproductive.
People can rationalize all they want. But the only way to make it even for everyone when it comes to such things as race, color, sex, etc... is to simply demand it. In a civilian society, this isn't always possible. A person's social, professional, and personal life are totally theirs to do with as they wish. The military however has the advantage of being able to control much more of your life. Professional definitely. Socially, much of it. Personally, not so much. But humans are products of their environment. If you control a person's professional and social way of thinking and behaving, their personal behavior and way of thinking will generally follow suit.
So, people can rationalize that they have to do something to "HELP" minorities progress more fairly if they want to, but they are wrong. The way you level the playing field, is to STOP treating and referring to a person as a minority. That was probably the greatest thing about being stationed overseas. The "Americans" were the minority. And it didn't matter if you were black, white, hispanic, male, female, etc... We all stuck together. Now, promote "THAT" commonality. The commonality that they are all in the military together. That they are all on the same team together. That they are all pilots, doctors, engineers, technicians, or whatever level of "Team" you're trying to build upon. But the moment you mention race, color, sex, etc.... Then that person is on a "TEAM" that I can't belong to; and they can't belong to the one I'm on.
This all started with the whole political correctness movement. That has been one of the downfalls of our society, and continues to be so. Everyone started promoting "INDIVIDUALITY". And of course the army didn't help itself a few decades ago with the "An Army of One" nonsense. I know, some say it's an acronym for "Officer, Non-comm, enlisted". Well guess what??? The 17 year old civilian, who these commercials were marketed towards, had no idea what a non-comm, officer, enlisted was. Or that it "Might" be an acronym. No, at the time, society was pushing the individual, and this went right in line with that social indoctrination. But that is just one minor example. Point is; take race, sex, color, etc... totally out of the equation, by not referring to it, printing it, having it on any paperwork, etc...; and you will FIX the problem. But as long every time you fill out some form, and it asks your race, sex, etc.... you perpetuate minority issues and concentrate on our "Differences" instead of our "Commonalities". And there is NO AMOUNT of restitution, programs, studies, etc... that can fix it. The ONLY way to fix it, is to remove reference from the society. "But a person should be proud of their individuality and heritage. We need to promote diversity"......."BULL CRAP"!!!! That hasn't worked for the last 40 years, what makes anyone think it's going to work in the future.
Anyway, that's how you fix the problem. The military has always been a social bed for societal reform. We have a system that forces people to conform. We, the military, needs to take the lead and NOT try and follow society. Let us transform our society.