I do not believe you can go directly from the Academy to Law School. I think all newly minted Academy Ensigns are assigned to an afloat tour upon graduation (unless things have changed). It used to be after you promoted to O-3 you could apply for Graduate school or "Special Assignment" ie Pentagon, Naval Exchange Program, Foreign Naval Exchange Tour, or Congressional/Presidential Aide. Things may be different now, but I think that first tour still is an afloat billet as a JO on a Cutter to get your quals. OCS is a different animal.....coming out of OCS there aren't always afloat billets available and it may be possible, although many if not most of the CG JAG staff is DCL (Direct Commission Lawyer) meaning you have already completed Law School and get a Direct Commission as an O-3.
Hope this is still correct, it has been awhile..
You're close
@dparker2018 A few small changes, a little different on the law school program but the other special assignments you mentioned are still at the O-3 level for the most part. I believe you can do the Naval Exchange Program as a O-2 though.
What are some of the law schools the USCG sends graduates who want to go the lawyer route to? Is there a particular one?
OP - As dparker mentioned, CGA does not send cadets to law school immediately upon graduation. After you commission, cadets will be sent to one of three billets - a cutter, flight school, or a land unit (known as a sector - typically in the Prevention or Response sections). A cutter is typically a two year tour, flight school is +/- two years depending on how long the wait is for new classes, and a sector is typically a three year billet as an Ensign. With the exception of those who attended flight school, junior officers entering their second tour can choose to apply for graduate programs, including law school. According to the solicitation message released this year, law school preferred selectees are tour complete Lieutenant Junior Grades (O-2s) and Lieutenants (O-3s). However, it is extremely rare for a Lieutenant Junior Grade to be accepted to the law program. More often, those billets are given to Lieutenants. So, it is likely that you won't have the option to attend law school until after your initial five year commitment.
As far as what school you can attend, each graduate program has a recommended list of schools to apply for. For law school, the schools must be ABA accredited and should be within commuting distance to CGHQ (in DC), an Area Command (so either Portsmouth, VA or Alameda, CA), a District Command (Boston, Portsmouth, VA, Miami, FL, New Orleans, Cleveland, OH, Honolulu, Alameda, CA, Seattle, WA, and Juneau, Alaska), or the CG Legal Services Command which is in Norfolk, VA or Alameda, CA. So basically, you would work with the assigned program manager to apply to schools near those areas so you can work in CG legal internships during the summer between semesters. As you can see, you have a lot of great locations options with reputable law schools nearby.
Now, it should be mentioned, you aren't sent to any of these schools - these are schools you APPLY for. You must still be accepted to an appropriate law school even if the CG selects you for their law program. It looks like the CG Law program is looking for candidates with LSAT scores at least in the mid 150s. You would also be required to service at least another five years as payback for the CG paying for your program.
To give you an idea of how competitive the program is, 54 people applied for this year's law school program. Of those 54, the CG selected 8 primary and 4 alternate members. The year before that, 38 people applied and 9 primary and 4 alternates were selected. So, it is a fairly competitive program.