WARNING: This is going to be a little lengthy. But it will be easy reading. Skip to the last paragraph if you want the MEAT of the post. But please read it all to eliminate questions.
The nomination process can be quite confusing at times. How many can be nominated? Which slot is an appointment take from? The list is endless. And the problem with the questions related to this thread, is that more than one person is correct; in different facets. Also, my comments assume an individual is 100% qualified, so lets not add that variable to the equation. Lets assume all interested parties are totally qualified.
First, the easy question/answer. Karen; just have you or your daughter ask your JrROTC director or commander at the school if that school's program is an honor's program. If they've been allowed to nominate in the past, then it is an honors unit.
As for nominations, and the bigger question of whether a properly submitted JrROTC nomination to a particular academy, is enough to receive an appointment, IF you already have an LOA, here's the SHORT and LONG of it. YES, the JrROTC nomination is all that you need to receive an appointment, if you have received an LOA from the academy. "Assuming the nomination is to the appropriate academy in which the LOA was offered". And if you were applying to the Air Force Academy, and had an LOA, and a JrROTC nomination, I would pretty much say you are totally good to go. But I did say "Short and Long", so you know there is more coming here.
The reason I said I'd be confident with an Air Force Academy LOA, is because they only offer approximately 150 LOA's. (And that can be pushing it at times). They also only offer LOA's to individuals whose application is 100% complete. Matter of fact, if you had an JrROTC Nomination today, I can guarantee you 99.9% that you would NEVER receive an LOA. WHY? Because you would instead receive an IMMEDIATE Appointment in Oct-Nov when they come out. Being LOA/Appointments don't come out in the air force until Oct/Nov, if you have a legitimate nomination PRIOR to then, and your application is 100% and all the other stuff; and the academy really wants you; you will not get an LOA. You'll get the appointment. The LOA are for individuals who normally can only go after the MOC type nominations. And for those who completed the application but didn't know about applying for the nominations. The .1% I don't guarantee, is in case 21+ people with an ROTC/JrROTC nomination had their application 100% complete and was in the same exact boat. OR, that October came, you got an LOA, but you never applied yet for any Non-MOC related nominations. They could have filled those up before you got around to applying. The odds of more than 20 of those 150 slots being individuals with ROTC/JrROTC nominations is mathematically really difficult. And most individuals authorized Non-MOC related nominations, usually apply for those early in the application process. So by the time LOA's come out for the air force, you'd go straight to an appointment if you were that good.
However, the army, and navy, tend to give out earlier and more LOA's than the air force. So, the odds go up that more individuals getting an LOA, could also have an ROTC/JrROTC nomination. Also, these individuals with LOA's most times haven't completed their applications. Sometimes they won't until January. That nomination can't be used for them and that slot, until their application is 100% complete and they are 100% qualified. A lot of those slots could get filled while you're waiting on completing your application. So, if 21 individuals with LOA only had a JrROTC/ROTC nomination, then 1 individual would in fact be in a predicament. Which is WHY you should apply for more than one nomination.
There are different types of nominations from different people/organizations. The most common is the MOC. Your representative and senators. I won't go into the details, unless a person has a specific question, because it can get very detailed. What we are concerned with here are LOA's. All of the nominations, no matter what they are, do in fact have a maximum number that can be used. So, a maximum of 100 Presidentials can get an appointment using that nomination in a year. Same for only 20 ROTC/JrROTC. Same for the 85 from the active duty enlisted. And the list goes on. There is a maximum.
But I need to qualify something here. Presidentials, for example, give out approximately 500 presidential nominations per year, for the air force academy. That's because that many individuals are AUTHORIZED that nomination. But only 100 of them can use than nomination towards an appointment. So even with an LOA, if by chance, you waited until January to apply for your Presidential Nomination, or you took that long to complete your application, the academy could have already given out 100 appointments using the Presidential nomination. You could be up a creek. So the academy would then look at one of those with an appointment and presidential, and see if they also had a MOC or something else. If they did, they'd use the other nomination for them, take the presidential slot back, and give that to you. Or the other way around, if you happen to have more than one nomination. That's why having more than 1 nomination is important.
Now, the largest number of nominations are from the MOC. On average, there will be approximately 5500 nominations by MOC. (453 reps and 100 senators, each submitting 10 names each). However, we know that A) The academy is only taking around 1300 total, and B) A MOC can only have 5 cadets at the academy at any one time. So, it won't quite be the 5500 every year.
Now the final equation to all this is: "Qualified Alternates". They MUST have a nomination, but they can come from any eligible source whatsoever, and the academy is allowed to use them to get up to the 1300-1400 appointments to fill the class. But usually, the MOC slots are the only ones that still have openings. Remember, even if there were 10 Presidentials left, you can't let a non-authorized person use that slot. But if you have a presidential, ROTC, etc... as well as a MOC nomination, you have basically trading material to work with if needed. Remember; 5500 nominations doesn't mean 5500 qualified or desirable candidates.
So, if you had/have an LOA, here's the deal. NO Representative or Senator appoints nominees, or even has interviews, until at least November-December. Fill out their paperwork; usually online; and proceed with a November-December scheduled interview with your MOC. HOWEVER; if you already have a presidential, ROTC/JrROTC, or other Nomination; then your LOA will most likely turn into an APPOINTMENT. IF YOU COMPLETE YOUR application 100% PRIOR to the MOC interviews. If the interview time comes up, and you haven't heard you received an appointment, (Again, ONLY if your application is 100% complete), then you might have been #21+ on the JrROTC nominee list and didn't finish your application before the other 20. Now, SHOULD you still do the MOC nomination interview if you have the appointment? That's a different ball game all together. The academy wants you to. (They want to use that ROTC, Presidential, etc... for another person who couldn't get another nomination). Your MOC DOESN'T want you to, because that leaves another person from his/her district/state that gets an appointment. But in the rare likelihood that there are MORE than 21 LOA's with ROTC/JrROTC nominations or more than 100 LOA with Presidential nominations; you'll know prior to your MOC's interview, assuming your application is 100% complete. By then, the choice is easy. You have an appointment or you don't. This is why the AIR FORCE LOA system is better than the others. SORRY, it IS. They WILL NOT give out an LOA to ANYONE, unless your application is 100% complete, with the exception of the nomination and DODMRB. (Not including athletes, but that is even rarer, and handled separate. They need nomination also). Which means, most individuals who put in a Presidential or other Non-MOC nomination, won't get an LOA if applying to air force. They'll either go straight to an APPOINTMENT, or they'll be waiting in the alternate's pool where the additional nominations will be needed in case the air force academy used up all 100 presidentials by then or all 20 of the ROTC by then. Etc... But with the army for instance, they give out LOA's prior to even beginning the serious part of the application. A person with an LOA could wait until January to finish the application; looking forward to an appointment; and find out that their Nomination category slates got filled. This can't happen in the air force, but it can in the others. So yes, get as many nominations as possible. You air force folks, you don't have LOA's yet, so disregard 95% of what I wrote. "Until the end of October; IF your application is 100% complete". Best of luck, and sorry for the novel. Mike.....