These are V-1 Division personnel responsible for aircraft movement on the flight deck. The Fight Deck Officer is in charge of V-1 :
Imagine a Super Hornet being “re-spotted” on the flight deck instead of the C-2, Greyhound, seen here. V-1 personnel would have been involved in re-spotting the mishap F/A-18. An aircraft can be maneuvered by pulling or pushing using attach points on either end of the tractor (“tug” in flight/hangar deck parlance). If the F-18 was being sent to the hangar bay (one deck below) for maintenance, it more than likely was pushed onto the deck edge elevator buy the tug. The aircraft director (left), with palms facing down, is looking directly at the tractor driver indicating “easy, easy, slow, slow.” There are wing walkers and two, barely discernable, blue shirts carrying aircraft chocks next to the main mounts. A brake rider is in the cockpit. Aircraft chains are on the “hood” of the tractor.
Here is my armchair take:
In the F-18 mishap, was the tow bar and tractor hooked up to the aircraft for positive control? Sailors do crazy things. An unforgivable error in the re-spot would have been to remove the chocks and chains so that flight deck personnel could man handle or nudge the aircraft into a slightly different position allowing the tow bar to be attached. There are other reasons they might try to “muscle” the aircraft. An untimely roll in the sea state the ship was in, coupled with strong winds and a ship’s course change, perhaps got the F-18 moving. If so, Hercules himself wasn’t going to stop the momentum of a plane with a gross weight of more than 40,000 pounds as it headed to the deck edge. Part of me wonders if the sailor injured was the brake rider. I can imagine him jumping from the aircraft before it went overboard. There will be some tough questions asked on this Class A mishap.