A congressman/woman nominates 10 people in their district. The 10 individuals are ranked and the person ranked 1st receives the appointment from the academy. If the 1st person turns the offer down, the person ranked 2nd receives the appointment.
Recommend reading the Stickies at the top of this forum.
All offers of appointment will be made to fully qualified individuals, and having a nom is part of that full qualification. Being ranked #1 on a nom slate means nothing if the candidate is not scholastically, medically and physically qualified.
The number of slots an elected official has available will be a major factor in how many appointments may be charged to that official in any given admissions cycle. Ten can be nominated for each slot.
Everyone who gets a nom on that slate, if fully qualified, who does not get an offer of appointment chargeable to that official, is eligible to go into the national pool. They then compete on a national basis and have a chance for an appointment under a nom authority that allows the SA to choose additional members for the class, per established guidelines.
If the elected official uses the principal nomination method, the SA (except USNA, whose governing language is a bit different) is expected to offer to that candidate, if fully qualified.
If the elected official provides a ranked slate, but does not use the principal nominee method, the SA can rank in their own order and offer as they see fit.
If the elected official provides an unranked slate, the SA does the ranking.
Given that these same candidates may have multiple noms from Presidential, other Service-related, ROTC, JROTC, VP, other elected officials, actually which nom source an appointment finally gets charged to isn’t settled until much later in the cycle.
You will never know how the SA ranks a candidate. Admissions does its best to choose the best qualified from the elected officials’ slates and considering the officials’ ranking, and from the national pool, and from all other non sources. It is not a linear process, more of a matrix.
This is my very basic understanding and not official in any way.
Note:
- USCGA is not required to use the Congressional nom system.
- USMMA does not have some categories of noms the DOD SAs do, but they do allow for a nom to come from a Congressional Representative in any district in the state.