Technically, no. But as a rule, West Point will have you get a tourist passport or give you an official one depending on why you're going.
We went TDY to Spain in March and were told to have tourist passports. I know of others going TDY to other places with official passports.
Regardless, if the trip is sponsored by West Point, they will want you to have some kind of passport as a precaution in case you end up or have to go somewhere you weren't expecting.