I've done some research on restricted/unrestricted line officers, but I am still confused about it. Are restricted jobs based on medical or are restricted jobs based on your SPECIFIC job? Hope this question makes sense.
Navy officers are classified into categories: line officers, restricted line officers and staff corps officers. There are also limited duty officers and chief warrant officers, who come from the enlisted ranks, and who are very technically focused. They are not created out of USNA.
All communities have a general career path with milestones. If an officer is performing at the pack-plus level (as opposed to pack and pack-minus), he or she should promote on time and progress to assignments that ensure continued promotability.
Line officers can fill a variety of billets, afloat and ashore, and are eligible to command at sea or ashore. A pilot, a line officer whose warfare community is naval aviation, will focus his or her career primarily on progressively larger jobs in the aviation career path. At times, they may work ashore at a training command, be XO at a recruiting district and ideally, command a squadron, possibly an aircraft carrier, battle groups and fleets, and become CNO, Chief of Naval Operations, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff - the highest ranks and leadership roles in the Navy. Operational expertise in that line warfare community is the bread and butter core, but they most also acquire broadly-based leadership skills and knowledge that lead to combatant commands. Surface (SWO), nuke SWO, aviation, subs, EOD, and I am blanking for the moment on others.
Restricted line officers tend to work primarily in their specialties, which could be mostly shore-based with occasional sea duty. They command in their own specialty, can rise to flag rank and positions of great responsibility - but not to the heights of line officer roles. Oceanographic, Intel, IW, HR, Engineering Duty Officer, etc.
Staff officers are the professional expertise folks: doctors, nurses, dentists, medical service, lawyers (JAG), supply corps (the business brains), CEC (civil engineer), etc. They serve almost exclusively in their own communities, can command in their communities (a military hospital, a dental command, a Navy Supply Center, a legal command, etc.), and can reach flag rank.
As you can see, all officer communities are important and contribute to mission accomplishment in their own way. Line officers are primarily experts in their own warfare community, but broaden the scope of their skills to leadership roles with huge scope and responsibility, and can rise to lead the Fleet. Restricted line simply means those officers have focus areas that are narrower than the line community, and they are looked to as the experts in their field.
Yes, some people find themselves in RL or staff corps because of a med DQ, but many choose to go that path - I’m speaking broadly across all commissioning sources. Some may go directly from their commissioning source, if their commissioning source allows it, or they go line, and a few years down the road, apply for a lateral transfer through a competitive board process. Many go that route to JAG, Med Corps, IW, etc.
As always, the needs of the Navy will dictate what’s available to those mids who cannot go line, either because they were waived for a known condition coming in or because something was caught on their pre-comm physical.
It’s worth noting the Med Corp slots are not reserved for URL DQ mids. There are roughly 13-16 of those slots available each year, and mids compete for the opportunity. They must score high enough on the MCAT and get accepted to an accredited med school.