I think AFpaso captured the list. I will add the "endowed" scholarships. Basically, these scholarships are funded by ex academy grads that have done very well in business. Folks like General John Gerhart, Bart Holaday, Richard Lawson, Earl Nutter and the Franklin Wolfe. Each have their own scholarship set-up. Many of these individuals also give generously for travel abroad programs.
Under AFrpaso's bullet #1 above, we can add the Fulbright too. Starting in 2016, this
http://schwarzmanscholars.org is a new Chinese sponsored program. With the competitive scholarships, the cadets are identified and mentored for about 3 years (might I say groomed) and internally called the "Scholars Program". To get into that program, during the 1st week, all cadets have a predicted sucess score. It's based off of high school grades, transcripts, and class rigor (I'm sure other variables as well but I don't know those details).During their education, Cadets will take some different electives during their four years. IMHO, it is a world class educational opportunity and taught by some of the Academies most accomplished instructors. If you are not invited to the Scholars Program, you can still apply. Basically in order to become a scholar (Rhodes etc), the cadet needs to be in this program of about 40 students per class. In their senior year, the top cadets in the program are encouraged to apply to the scholarships. The facilities top picks have mock interviews and a subset are able to apply to the scholorships.
My understanding is 2% (capped) of the students can go off to medical school. Correct me if I am wrong, but a grand total of 1 student each year can go to law school. I am not sure what limit there is for dental school.
I am not sure why, but there is a concentration of graduating cadets that will be attending Harvard as well as MIT. I assume these is some sort of relationship between those colleges and the departments. For those students, they get full tuition paid plus a stipend. Someone please correct me if I am wrong but I heard about a total of 5-7% of the graduating class applies and is selected for all of these paths.
Here is a blurb about this on the USAFA site
http://www.usafa.edu/df/dfr/grad_studies/grad_studies.cfm