This goes back a few years (2004) but I don't think it's changed.
Here is the deal:
1. Females are not allowed to branch Infantry or Armor
2. Aviation: Females may fly any Army helocopter. There are some restrictions on operational flying positions
3. Air Defense Artilery:
Air Defense Artillery is broken down into Division-level units that include Stinger and Avenger units (small surface to air missiles) and Corps-and-Above units that utilize Patriot missiles (large surface to air missiles). Females in Patriot units may serve as Platoon Leaders through Brigade Commander and all levels of staff. Females can serve as Avenger Platoon Leaders in SHORAD Battalions that are part of a Mechanized Division (Fort Hood and Korea).
4. Field Artilery:
It is important for all female officers considering the Field Artillery as their branch of choice to fully understand the implications of the current DOD policy excluding females from service in MLRS and Cannon units based on the collocation exclusion criteria. This policy limits the opportunities for female officers to gain credible Field Artillery leadership experiences and tactical and technical training proficiency. This policy places an additional burden on female Field Artillery officers to remain competitive with their male peers.
Currently female officers cannot be assigned to Field Artillery tactical battalions (TOE units - cannon or rocket). Therefore,
female officers are excluded from many of the primary leadership positions (platoon leader, fire direction officer, and fire support officer) that are the foundations of experience in building a successful Field Artillery career. Female officers will routinely be assigned to the Field Artillery Training Center (Basic Training or Advanced individual Training units) or other TDA assignments at Fort Sill (1-78 FA or 2-2 FA - training support units), or at Brigade or higher levels (HHB DIVARTY, HHB FA BDE, HHB Corps Artillery). Females are limited to commands outside the tactical Field Artillery battalions.
Therefore, female captains must seek battery commands at Brigade level or higher (usually headquarters type batteries) or in training center batteries. At the Major level, a female officer can become an executive officer or S3 of a training battalion but would lack the TOE experience to perform duties as a S3 or XO at a brigade level TOE unit.
5. Engineers:
There are 5 basic types of Engineer units: Combat, Construction, Topographic, Bridge, and Dive. Females may serve in each of these units in the positions listed below:
(1) Combat: Females may serve in the Headquarters Company as the support platoon leader, company executive officer, Company Commander and various other staff positions.
(2) Construction: Females may serve in all positions.
(3) Topographic: Females may serve in all positions.
(4) Bridge (both fixed and floating): Females may serve in all positions.
(5) Dive (underwater salvage and demolition): Females may serve in all positions. Specialized training is required.